Coreopsis tinctoria is planted worldwide including China, Portugal and India. The capitula of Coreopsis tinctoria are used as a functional tea to prevent numerous human health complications, including cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Marein also called okanin-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is an important phytochemical of chalcone subgroup of polyphenols, found to be present in the flavonoid fraction of Coreopsis tinctoria. In the present paper we have collected all the scientific information of marein and presented in this review article in order to know the therapeutic value of marein in medicine. Scientific information of marein for their biological activities has been searched in Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct and collected scientific information of marein were presented here in this review article. All the collected scientific information of marein has been analyzed in the present review paper in order to know the health beneficial aspects of marein. Present paper scientific data described the biological importance and therapeutic potential of marein for their effectiveness in SARS-CoV-2, cancer, hyperglycemia, diabetic encephalopathy, diabetic nephropathy, osteoclastogenesis, pancreatitis and renal fibrosis. Further present paper also described their intestinal absorption, antioxidant, cytoprotective potential with their effect on epidermal growth factor. However the analytical techniques of marein for its separation, isolation and identification of in various samples were also described in the present paper. Present work will be beneficial for all the researchers to know the biological importance and therapeutic potential of marein.

Cancer is a major global health problem and leading cause of death globally. Recent advances in approaches and in-strumentation in diagnosis of cancer become accurate, precise and save human lives. Early-stage detection of cancer is essential for the treatment and disease management. There have been several new advancements within radiation oncology in terms of utilizing Positron emission tomography (PET). The most widely used imaging method present for the diagnosis of cancers is the PET and F-FDG-PET/CT. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) procedure is possible to recognize tumor-specific abnormality. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most frequently used tech-nique amongst immunoassays for cancer detection and diagnosis. In the coming years, it is expected for molecular diagnostics metabolomics will play a crucial role in cancer detection. Scientists developed affordable, accurate, and simpler ELISA based detection for various cancers. Protein biomarkers for cancer detection typically emerge from the cancer cells. Molecular based techniques Polymerase chain Reaction (PCR), RNA-based assays, Nanotechnology (NT) based, Artificial intelligence (AI) and Bioinformatics based are emerging as more accurate and speedy techniques for early detection of cancer.

Objectives: Galectin-3 (Gal-3) a 31-kDa dimeric galactose-binding protein – is a member of the lectin family, and can be found in intracellular and extracellular locations where it interacts with glycoproteins, cell surface molecules and extracellular matrix proteins.The present study compares the preoperative and postoperative serum Gal-3 levels of patients with newly diagnosed non-metastatic breast cancer with the serum Gal-3 levels of healthy controls. Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from the patients at two time points: one preoperatively and the other 1 month after surgery during an outpatient control visit.The study data were analyzed statistically using SPSS for Windows, Version 20.0. A p<0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.
Results: In a comparison of preoperative and postoperative serum Galectin-3 levels of the patients with newly diagnosed non-metastatic breast cancer, the mean preoperative serum Gal-3 level was 21.76 and the mean postoperative serum Gal-3 level was 21.20. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p=0.690). The mean serum Gal-3 level was 19.88 in the healthy control group, and a comparison of this with the preoperative serum Gal-3 levels of the newly diagnosed non-metastatic breast cancer patients revealed no statistically significant difference, with a p=0.477. Conclusion: The study found no correlation between serum Galectin-3 levels and the presence of a mass lesion, indicating that Galectin-3 is expressed independently of the presence of a tumor in breast cancer. In conclusion, current evidence fails to allow a comprehensive understanding of the role of Galectin-3 in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, highlighting the need for further research in this area.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and vitamin B12 deficiency, one of the effects of H. pylori outside the gastrointestinal system.
Methods: Between January 1, 2013 and September 1, 2013, the data of 175 patients who required vitamin B12 examination and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy procedure by the attending physician in the internal medicine outpatient clinic of Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Training and Research Hospital were retrospectively evaluated. Patients with H. pylori infection (n=125) were included in the patient group, while patients without H. pylori infection (n: 50) were included in the control group.
Results: Vitamin B12 deficiency was present in 32.57% (n=57) of all patients included in the study. While vitamin B12 deficiency was detected in 37.6% (n=47) of 125 H. pylori positive patients, vitamin B12 deficiency was not detected in 62.4% (n=78) patients. While vitamin B12 deficiency was detected in 20% (n=10) of 50 H. pylori negative patients, vitamin B12 deficiency was not detected in 80% (n=40).
Conclusion: The statistical relationship between H. pylori and vitamin B12 deficiency was significant (p: 0.025).

Objectives: Wilson disease is an autosomal recessive copper balance disorder that causes liver damage and neurological disturbances to varying degrees. ATP7B protein, a hepatic copper-transporting protein, which is encoded by the defective gene ATP7B, is essential to human copper metabolism. A molecular docking technique has been employed to explore the potential of natural compounds targeting ATP7B protein as therapeutic agents for Wilson's disease. Methods: Neuroprotective natural compounds were screened based on the Lipinski Rule of 5, well-established criteria for drug-likeness. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock 4, and the resulting complex structures were visualized and analyzed with the Biovia Discovery Studio 2020 visualizer. Subsequently, a detailed docking analysis of the selected natural compounds was conducted to identify potential lead compounds with high binding affinities to ATP7B protein. Docking of known drugs were also performed with ATP7B protein to compare the binding energies of the known drugs with top 5 selected natural compounds.
Results: Among all the docked compounds, the top five natural compounds, namely Disogenin, Hecogenin, Withanolides, Berberine, and Anaferine. Their binding energies ranged between -9.04 kcal/mol to -7.32 kcal/mol, suggesting strong interactions. Non-bonded interactions of these compounds show favorable interactions with ATP7B protein. All the selected synthetic compounds name as D-Pencillamine, Tetrathimolybdate, and Trientine showed higher binding energies of -3.65 kcal/mol, -5.02 kcal/mol, and -7.20 kcal/mol.
Conclusion: As compared to known synthetic drugs our findings revealed that Disogenin, Hecogenin, Berberine, and Anaferine, demonstrated the lowest binding energies with ATP7B protein. As we know that synthetic drugs have also adverse side effects as compare to natural drugs. These compounds can serve as potential therapeutic agents against Wilson's disease, offering a new avenue for the development of treatments targeting the mutated protein for molecular mechanisms of this devastating condition. Further experimental validation is warranted to confirm the efficacy and safety of these compounds in the context of Wilson disease therapy.

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the frequency of Vitamin D (VD) deficiency and to investigate whether there is a significant difference between sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients and 25-OH VD levels by examining 25-OH VD levels in patients 18 years and older admitted to our internal medicine clinic. Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital Internal Medicine clinic between May and June 2014, and the patients whose VD levels were measured were examined retrospectively through the hospital information system. Forty-nine patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 96 non-diabetic patients were included in the study. A control group of 51 healthy individuals was formed.
Results: A total of 145 patients and 51 healthy controls were included in the study. When the study group was classified according to the level of VD, severe deficiency in 76 cases, deficiency in 55 cases, failure in 14 cases were detected.We found that being over 75 years of age, female gender and malignancy predicted vitamin deficiency.When the VD levels of diabetic and non-diabetic patients were compared, VD levels of diabetic patients were found to be lower than non-diabetic patients, but not statistically significant.VD levels between diabetic, non diabetic female patients and healthy female volunteers were statistically different (p<0.001, p=0.001). When VD levels of diabetic and nondiabetic female patients were compared, no statistically significant difference was found (p=0.216).
Conclusion: VD deficiency and failure are common problems threatening healthy adults in our country, and VD levels are significantly lower in hospitalized patients. This seems to be related to many comorbid diseases. There is a need for more controlled work in this area.

Objectives: Endometrial cancer is the second most common gynecological cancer worldwide. Despite being usually diagnosed at an early stage with a better prognosis compared to other gynecological cancers, some cases can be aggressive. Obtaining data on independent prognostic factors correlated with survival and recurrence would be beneficial to control the disease and make informed systemic treatment decisions effectively. We aimed to review endometrial cancer's clinical and pathological features and determine the prognostic risk factors.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on 136 individuals with endometrial cancer who were followed up between 1997 and 2015. Prognostic factors with a p-value of less than 0.15 using the Long-rank test were included in multivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis was performed by the Cox regression test.
Results: Significant prognostic factors determining the overall survival in univariate analysis were disease stage, histological grade, age at diagnosis, histological type, lymph node metastasis, lymphatic and vascular invasion, depth of myometrial invasion, cervical stromal invasion, tumor diameter, the positivity of peritoneal cytology, and pre-op serum CA-125 levels. In multivariate analysis, advanced stage and high preoperative CA-125 levels were detected as factors reducing overall survival (p=0.012, p=0.005, respectively).
Conclusion: The two most important factors for endometrial cancer survival were stage and pre-op serum CA-125 level, independent of other parameters. As our study was retrospectively done with a limited number of patients, more extensive prospective, randomized studies with a larger number of patients are necessary to apply the information obtained from this study to our clinical practices.